Manuscript Library

Showing 22 of 22 manuscripts

Yad Ben-Zvi MS 1 · Aleppo Codex

c. 920 CE · Tiberias · Tanakh, Nevi'im, Ketuvim

The Tiberian Masoretic codex Maimonides used as his textual reference, and the basis for modern critical editions.

Yad Ben-Zvi, Jerusalem

Folio from Aleppo Codex

RNL Evr. I B 3 · Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus

916 CE · Babylonia (Iraq) · Nevi'im, Latter Prophets

Also known as the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets.

Russian National Library, Saint Petersburg

Folio from Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus

BL Or 4445 · London Codex

c. 920–950 CE · Eretz Yisrael · Torah, Pentateuch

A substantially complete Tiberian-tradition Pentateuch — 186 folios of Genesis through Deuteronomy with full vocalization, accents, and Masorah magna and parva.

British Library, London

Folio from London Codex

RNL Evr. I B 19a · Leningrad Codex

1008 CE · Cairo (likely) · Tanakh, Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim

The oldest complete Hebrew Bible — basis of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and the standard reference text for modern scholarship.

Russian National Library, Saint Petersburg

Folio from Leningrad Codex

JTS MS L5

1479 CE · Cordova, Spain · Tanakh

A Sephardi Hebrew Bible (337 leaves, parchment, illustrated) written in Cordova by Isaac Sasson in 1479 — three years before the Spanish Expulsion — and corrected in Badajoz by…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Cordova Bible

JTS MS L44a · Hilleli copy

1241 CE · Toledo, Spain · Torah, Pentateuch

A Pentateuch in three volumes (424 leaves of parchment) copied in Toledo by Israel ben Isaac ben Israel for Abraham ben Solomon ben Abidarham, finished Sivan 5001 (1241).

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Toledo Pentateuch (Hilleli copy)

JTS MS L232

9th–10th c. · Persia (found in Yazd) · Nevi'im, Latter Prophets

An early Latter Prophets manuscript (110 leaves of parchment) recovered from a genizah in Yazd, Persia.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from The New York Latter Prophets

JTS MS L6

1492–1497 CE · Toledo & Constantinople · Tanakh

A Sephardic Hebrew Bible (390 leaves of parchment) whose text was completed by Abraham Khalif in Toledo in Nissan 5252 (1492) — the year of the Spanish Expulsion — and whose…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Toledo–Constantinople Bible

JTS MS L228a

c. 1300 · Germany · Nevi'im, Ketuvim

A large-format Ashkenazi Bible (349 leaves of parchment, 48.5 × 36.0 cm) of the Prophets and Hagiographa, copied in Germany around 1300 in Ashkenazic square script with full…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Ashkenazi Micrographic Bible (Prophets and Hagiographa)

JTS MS L85

15th c. · Italy · Torah, Pentateuch

A pocket-sized illuminated Italian Pentateuch (254 leaves of parchment, 14 × 10.5 cm) copied in the 15th century in Italian square and semi-cursive Hebrew hands, with Haftarot…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Italian Pocket Pentateuch

JTS MS L66

15th c. · Yemen · Torah

A 15th-century Yemenite manuscript of the first two books of the Pentateuch (Genesis 1:1–Exodus 40:36) in Yemenite square Hebrew hand, with vowels, accents, and Masora magna and…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Yemenite Pentateuch (Genesis–Exodus)

JTS MS L58

15th c. · Yemen · Torah, Pentateuch, Ketuvim

A 15th-century Yemenite manuscript (18 leaves of parchment) containing fragments of the Pentateuch and the book of Psalms with Masorah and a grammatical introduction.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Yemenite Pentateuch and Psalms Fragments

JTS MS L152

14th c. · Yemen · Torah

A 14th-century Yemenite Tāj (triple-text Pentateuch) — 131 leaves of Genesis 4:11–48:11 with Targum Onkelos in Aramaic and Saadia Gaon's Tafsīr (Arabic translation) alternating verse by verse.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Yemenite Genesis with Targum and Saadia

JTS MS L131

14th c. · Yemen · Torah

A 14th-century Yemenite Deuteronomy (36 parchment leaves, partial — Deuteronomy 2:30–29:1 with gaps) with Targum Onkelos following each verse.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Yemenite Deuteronomy with Targum

JTS MS 10705

11th–12th c. · Italy (Modena) · Nevi'im, Former Prophets

Five parchment leaves from 1 and 2 Kings in early Italian square Hebrew hand, dating to the 11th–12th century — among the oldest surviving Italian Bible manuscripts.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Italian Kings Fragments

JTS MS L229

13th c. · Yemen · Nevi'im, Former Prophets

A 13th-century Yemenite codex (114 parchment leaves) of the Former Prophets — Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings (extant: Judges 16:17–2 Kings 5:24) — in Yemenite square Hebrew hand,…

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Yemenite Former Prophets with Targum

BL Or 9880 · Second Gaster Bible

11th–12th c. · Eastern Mediterranean (Oriental)

A bound collection of late-11th- to early-12th-century Hebrew Bible fragments (37 folios written in three columns of twenty-three ruled lines) in Oriental square hand, with Masorah magna and parva.

British Library, London

Folio from Second Gaster Bible

BL Or 9879 · First Gaster Bible

10th c. · Eastern Mediterranean (Oriental)

A bound collection of 10th-century Hebrew Bible fragments in Oriental square hand with Masorah magna and parva — among the earliest surviving Oriental Bible manuscripts,…

British Library, London

Folio from First Gaster Bible

BL Or 9881

12th–16th c. · Oriental · Torah, Pentateuch

Three bound Torah fragments — portions of Genesis–Exodus, Exodus, and Leviticus — gathered in the Gaster collection.

British Library, London

Folio from Torah Fragments (Gaster Collection)

BL Or 2373

13th c. · Eastern Mediterranean · Ketuvim

A 13th-century Ketuvim manuscript (125 folios with numerous lacunae) containing portions of Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs.

British Library, London

Folio from Ketuvim (BL Or 2373)

T-S AS 72.79

11th c. · Fustat (Old Cairo) · Torah

A Bible fragment containing Exodus 35:5-7 with Saadya Gaon's Arabic translation — written in the same hand as the Leningrad Codex.

Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter Collection

Folio from Cairo Genizah Bible Fragment (T-S AS 72.79)

JTS MS L533

11th–14th c. · Cairo Genizah · Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim

A bound collection of large-format Cairo Genizah Bible fragments (42 leaves, 46.2 × 37.5 cm) in Oriental Hebrew square hand spanning roughly the 11th to 14th centuries.

The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary

Folio from Cairo Genizah Bible Fragments